Different reactions take place with different rates. The branch of physical chemistry that deals with the study of rate of chemical reaction is called chemical kinetics. During chemical reaction, conc…
Magnetic Hysteresis
Let us consider a ferromagnetic material which is subjected to magnetizing field (H). The intensity of the magnetizing field (H) is gradually increased from 0. Then, the magnetic induction (B) also in…
Ampere’s Circuital Law
Ampere’s circuital law was discovered by André-Marie Ampere in the year 1826 A.D. This law states that, “The line integral of magnetic field B along any closed path in free space is equal …
Theories Related To Acid and Base
There are different theories which help to determine whether a substance is an acid or base. The major and generally accepted theories are given below: 1. Arrhenius Theory According to Arrhenius theor…
Moving Coil Galvanometer
Moving coil galvanometer is a device which is used to detect and measure small electric currents present in an electric circuit. Principle It is based on the principle that, “When a current carr…
Derivation of Expression for Torque on a Rectangular Coil
Let us consider a rectangular coil PQRS of length ‘l’ and breadth ‘b’ suspended in uniform horizontal magnetic field ‘B’. Let the plane of the coil make an angle &#…
Benzene and Its Preparation
Benzene is a cyclic compound which consists of six carbon atoms where there is presence of alternate double bonds and single bonds. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon which consists of six carbon atoms whe…
Hybridization
The formation of certain molecules involving Carbon, Boron, Beryllium etc. cannot be explained satisfactorily on the basis of VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory. Hence, a new concept…
Primary Standard Substance and Normality Factor
Primary Standard Substance The solution having known concentration is called standard solution. The substance whose standard solution can be prepared directly by dissolving required amount of the subs…
The First Law of Thermodynamics
We know that heat is a form of energy which flows from a hotter body to a colder body. It is the energy produced due to the total kinetic energy produced by the vibrating molecules of a body. We can p…